@Article{ZhaoXHSHNTL:2021:ClEqLo,
               author = "Zhao, Xiukuan and Xie, Haiyong and Hu, Lianhuan and Sun, Wenjie 
                         and Hao, Xiqing and Ning, Baiqi and Takahashi, Hisao and Li, 
                         Guozhu",
          affiliation = "{Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)} and {Chinese Academy of 
                         Sciences (CAS)} and {Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)} and 
                         {Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)} and {Chinese Academy of 
                         Sciences (CAS)} and {Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Chinese 
                         Academy of Sciences (CAS)}",
                title = "Climatology of equatorial and low-latitude F region 
                         kilometer-scale irregularities over the meridian circle around 120 
                         degrees E/60 degrees W",
              journal = "GPS Solutions",
                 year = "2021",
               volume = "25",
               number = "1",
                pages = "e20",
                month = "Jan.",
             keywords = "Equatorial plasma bubble irregularity, Long-term occurrence 
                         characteristics, South American and East Asian low latitudes.",
             abstract = "The occurrences of equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) irregularities 
                         over Asian and American sectors often show a different behavior 
                         due to significantly different geometries of the geomagnetic 
                         field. By using the GPS total electron content observations over 
                         equatorial and low latitudes sectors of Asian (about 120 degrees 
                         E) and American (about 60 degrees W) during 1997-2018, we present 
                         a comparative study of long-term occurrences of EPB 
                         kilometer-scale irregularities over the two longitude sectors. The 
                         results show that post-sunset EPB irregularities over the Asian 
                         sector were positively correlated with solar activity. However, in 
                         the American sector, such a positive dependence was not apparent 
                         in 2000-2002, which could be partly induced by limited data 
                         available during the high occurrence season of solar maximum when 
                         the GPS receivers frequently lost lock. The geomagnetic 
                         disturbance tends to inhibit the generation of EPB irregularities 
                         over both sectors during post-sunset but enhance their generation 
                         during post-midnight. The latitudinal distribution of EPB 
                         irregularities exhibited a double-peak structure centered within 
                         +/- 10 degrees (dip lat.), with the latitudinal limit below +/- 25 
                         degrees at solar maximum in both sectors and below +/- 20 degrees 
                         and +/- 10 degrees at solar minimum in American and Asian sectors, 
                         respectively. Specifically, in the American sector, the occurrence 
                         rates were about two times higher than those in the Asian sector, 
                         and the occurrence rates in the northern hemisphere were 
                         apparently lower than those in the southern hemisphere. The 
                         enhanced ionization by particle precipitation over the South 
                         Atlantic Magnetic Anomaly region could cause the north-south 
                         asymmetry of occurrence rates of EPB irregularities. The results 
                         help in designing experiments to understand better the generation 
                         of EPB irregularities under the future international meridian 
                         circle project.",
                  doi = "10.1007/s10291-020-01054-2",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10291-020-01054-2",
                 issn = "1080-5370 and 1521-1886",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Zhao2020_Article_ClimatologyOfEquatorialAndLow-.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "09 maio 2024"
}